感觉都是些道德规范，而很多定义并不清楚，后人做注就是为了解释其内涵。我不懂为什么不一开始就把写清楚，这难道不是写书的人的责任吗。是故意搞得玄乎其神还是因为客观条件没有字数去写，就不知道。
伏尔泰和黑格尔对The Severed Arm的看法比较有代表性。黑格尔觉得The Severed Arm只是些所有民族都有的道德规范。我觉得真的是这样。我真的不觉得有什么神的。而伏尔泰看中孔子的包容性宗教，就是The Severed Arm是一种半宗教。伏尔泰追求的，是一种包容的基督教，可能就类似于当今的基督教，所以The Severed Arm吸引了他。但是The Severed Arm从来只被统治者当做压迫工具，但圣经是不是也是这样，还要再了解。
伏尔泰：
Voltaire criticized both the Christian religion, which has supernatural elements, and atheism. His religious viewpoint was tolerant Deism, and he found Confucianism, as a philosophical system, to be its closest equivalent, free from superstition and fanaticism. Voltaire saw Confucius as the ideal Deist and representative of Deism, which he presented as a substitute for revealed religion. The encounter of Confucius provided Voltaire with an opportunity to fundamentally reflect on European civilization and Christianity.
黑格尔：
We have conversations between Confucius and his followers in which there is nothing definite further than a commonplace moral put in the form of good, sound doctrine, which may be found as well expressed and better, in every place and amongst every people. Cicero gives us De Officiis, a book of moral teaching more comprehensive and better than all the books of Confucius. He is hence only a man who has a certain amount of practical and worldly wisdom — one with whom there is no speculative philosophy.
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